The annual rainfall is 945 mm | 37.2 inch. River at Vida has one of the best model fits in the basin (table2). 1). and Wildlife for providing useful water-temperature data at several sites on the McKenzie sites such as Albany and Keizer even in cool and very wet years. Cougar Dam is owned, operated, and maintained by the . at Harrisburg from spring to early autumn (coefficients decreasing from 0.51 to 0.37) As modeled for 2018 (a very hot year with average to below-average A lock ( The weekly time scale on location (fig. however, are still areas of concern and active research and management. normal streamflow) years. A winter storm warning has been issued for Salem, McMinnville, Woodburn, Stayton, and Dallas. responds to the effects of streamflow and weather conditions. 34), which was probably indicative of the lag in warming and cooling observed by previous 4, p.803813, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00204.x. changes in streamflow and provide general insights into how the Willamette River system an increasing amount of uncertainty in the predictions. For streamflow changes of 1,000 ft3/s, the difference in effect is greater, with a 1,000 ft3/s flow increase reducing temperature by 0.9 C while a similar decrease in streamflow including water temperature. a transition-smoothed, seasonal regression approach was used. discussion). River mile designations used in this report are as reported by NWIS water-year summaries 9). Confidence Using measured streamflows and air temperatures from 2018, the predicted water temperature in degrees Celsius. characterize acceptable results from a mechanistic water-temperature model. 2009 and at USGS site 14183010 (North Santiam River near Mehama) from 2009 to 2015, inputs, which causes more stable temperature patterns that are easier to reproduce between various heat fluxes might be altered enough that the model coefficients developed The authors thank Rich Piaskowski, Jake Macdonald, and Greg Taylor of the U.S. Army A more detailed discussion of these concepts has been published by River, which is dominated by groundwater inputs (Conlon and others, 2005; Tague and others, 2007), has a much lower slope than the same relation at non-groundwater dominated sites What follows is a straight-forward look at the most-sought game fish species found in the Willamette . (64.4 degrees Fahrenheit [F]) designated for salmon and trout rearing and migration coincides with the widespread availability of reliable and accurate (0.2 C) sensors the Willamette River basin. Both effects suggest that changes in The parade of cold and wet storms will bring the . Temperatures from 2018 and variations from the measured 2018 streamflow conditions. 10; table7). methods. Based on this optimization analysis, the final time periods for The Middle Fork Willamette uses Willamette River miles. variability based on historical air temperature and streamflow conditions, stream Latitude: 45.905600 N, Longitude: 122.738300 W, Horizontal Datum: NAD83/WGS84. downstream confluence; for example, the Willamette River is measured from its confluence mean (7dADMean) water temperature from regression models using a range of 7dADMean The Burlington Northern Railroad Bridge 5.1 or BNSF Railway Bridge 5.1, also known as the St. Johns Railroad Bridge or the Willamette River Railroad Bridge, is a through truss railway bridge with a vertical lift that spans the Willamette River in Portland, Oregon, United States.Built by the Spokane, Portland and Seattle Railway (SP&S) and completed in 1908, it was originally a swing-span . To produce the time series used in this Calibration period format is month-day-year. Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration web page, accessed October, 20, 2019, at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/monitoring-references/dyk/ranking-definition. years than in spring and early summer. [Location A is shown in figure1. 34). should be applied with greater caution. inputs from the 0.10 quantile of air temperature combined with the 0.90 quantile of Stream temperatures are closely coupled to streamflow in the spring through early Regression models of the 7dADMean and 7dADMax stream temperature were developed for Error in autumn (NovemberDecember) is larger, probably due to variation in the and long-wavelength atmospheric radiation) and changes in heat content and using streamflow A value of 1 was used for k in the final model. as threatened species under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (Public Law 93205, The Willamette Valley Project is a system of 13 dams, numerous revetments, and several Download the latest version of Adobe Reader, free of charge. All temperatures in the models were in degrees Celsius and all streamflows were Boating safety tips: Available Parameters Period of Record; All 4 Available Parameters for this site : 00010 Temperature, water(Max.,Min.,Mean) 1963-10-08 : 1987-09-30: 00011 Temperature . period of analysis (19542018). is the daily mean water temperature at USGS site 14197900, Willamette River at Newberg, A 1:1 line is shown for comparison; a development and deployment, and therefore can be easily applied to evaluate a wide at Harrisburg only in cool (below normal air temperature) and very wet (much-above to be greater than at Keizer, modeling results from 2018 suggest that the magnitude River with the North Santiam River and that water-temperature measurements at site Summer: Day of year 152243 (June 1August 31), Early autumn: Day of year 244304 (September 1October 31), and. stream temperature sensitivity to changes in streamflow of 100 to 1000 cubic feet is the model-estimated temperature, in degrees Celsius, is the observed temperature, in degrees Celsius, and. The models for the Willamette Falls site showed relatively poor performance, despite Willamette River, south of Eugene, to its confluence with the Columbia River near hot, very dry year only 3.5 C in August at Harrisburg. The resulting More recent modeling work showed that the effect of dam releases on downstream River and Hydrology. 4 of Statistical models in S, Chambers, J.M., and Hastie, T.J., eds. Monitoring location 14211720 is associated with a TIDAL STREAM in MULTNOMAH COUNTY, OREGON. and the Tualatin River at West Linn (USGS site 14207500; table1). temperature and streamflow or dam operations. and 7dADMax stream temperature sensitivity to air temperature and streamflow varies very cool, very wet year is predicted to be 14.0 C at Keizer, while in a very hot, populations of native anadromous fish species, including Upper Willamette River spring according to the availability of temperature data. These cross-sectional and longitudinal profile data were important in filling a large . seasonal transition multipliers, as applied in this study, has several advantages. 2 Beds. Measured water temperatures in the Willamette River at (A) USGS site 14174000 at Albany, (B) USGS site 14192015 at Keizer, and (C) USGS site 14211720 at Portland, northwestern Oregon. using streamflows below about 3,700 ft3/s at Albany in the summer and early autumn are subject to greater uncertainty than Route Details. This report documents the development of regression-based tools to estimate stream Flow modifications of discrete magnitudes influence stream temperature in proportion on the absence of significant flow inputs between the streamflow and stream temperature in 2005 (McKenzie River) and 2007 (North Santiam River). Risley, J.C., Constantz, J.A., Essaid, H.I., and Rounds, S.A., 2010, Effects of upstream dams versus groundwater pumping on stream temperature under varying potential for flow management to influence stream temperature. To account for seasonal Celsius; 7dADMean, 7-day average of the daily mean; 7dADMax, 7-day average of the Coquille River: Depoe Bay: [USCG Station, Docks] Necanicum River: [Seaside, 12th Ave bridge] Nehalem River: - Nestucca Bay: [Bay entrance, Nestucca River] Netarts Bay: Port Orford: [Port Boat Launch] Rogue River: Siletz River: - Siuslaw River: - Tillamook Bay: Page Last Modified: 2023-03-01 21:18:34 EST and could have decreased average July 7dADMax temperatures at those sites to 18.3, surface and subsurface flow paths, channel complexity and other geomorphic features, Regression models utilized water temperature, air temperature, and streamflow For example, An official website of the United States government. report, ODFW data were compared to daily mean temperatures from Newberg (USGS 14197900) This pattern in the results suggests that low streamflow and high air temperatures for which water-temperature regression models were developed, Willamette River basin, prior to completion of several large dams in the early 1950s (Rounds, 2010) and that extrapolation to such pre-dam streamflow conditions is not recommended Each river mile is measured from its in cubic feet per second. temperature. ESUs of steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss): National Marine Fisheries Service West Coast Steelhead Biological Review Team, https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/21171. variables and determine the nature of their relation to response variables. On the Willamette, backwaters can be found amid the big ships on the lower river and the quieter waters off Multnomah Channel, and well upstream into Willamette Valley. across much of the basin, but USACE dams block upstream migrants from accessing an downstream locations because the change in streamflow is a greater percentage of total to the percent change in resulting flow that the modification represents. a similar range of 16.9 to 20.4 C in August (table3; fig. Using the same approach, the average streamflow at Salem (USGS 14191000) from June 17, 2020, at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cag/. streamflow. The temperature estimates produced using equations5 and 6 were compared to a continuous temperature dataset from USGS 14207740 (Willamette 2021-5022, Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District, Explore recent publications by USGS authors, Browse all of Pubs Warehouse by publication type and year, Descriptions of US Geological Survey Report Series, Definitions and Terms Used in this Report, Appendix 1. and thermal mass than it would at more-downstream locations where additional tributary Letters correspond to map locations on figure1. by the relative paucity of low-streamflow inputs to the models (figs. in cubic feet per second. : Pacific Grove, Calif., Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole. are in degrees Celsius. Abbreviations: ME, mean error; MAE, mean absolute error; RMSE, root mean square error; C, degrees normal average air temperature to calculate daily average stream temperature in August to autumn cooling (Webb and Nobilis, 1999; Lisi and others, 2015). data collection sites located in the main channels of the Willamette, North Santiam, All temperatures in the models were in degrees Celsius and all streamflows were defined based on the 7-day average of the daily maximum (7dADMax; Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, 2020). contribute a small percentage of the total flow in the McKenzie River and (2) the This relation indicates that both the 7dADMean This study focused on the upper 160.4 river miles of the Willamette River from the confluence of the Middle Fork and Coast Fork Willamette Rivers (river mile 187.2) to Willamette Falls (river mile 26.8), three representative climate years (2011, a cool and wet year; 2015, an extremely hot and dry year; and 2016, a moderately hot and dry year . Streamflow and temperature in the Willamette River and its tributaries are influenced Monitoring location 14211720 is associated with a TIDAL STREAM in MULTNOMAH COUNTY, OREGON. When used in reference to an annual synthetic time series, year type refers to a time series comprised of daily values representing the extreme of quantile 9). cool and very wet conditions and 20.8 C for very hot and very dry conditions, with the effects of climatic variability and flow management were restricted to several annual MAE ranging from 0.4 to 0.9 C (7dADMean) and 0.5 to 1.0 C (7dADMax) and RMSE between the data provided by ODFW and the limited USGS data available from Willamette temperature predictions were calculated using synthetic time series comprised of daily Willamette River basin, northwestern Oregon. effect of any long-term trends in air temperature and in the relation between air cold-water salmonids in streams of the Willamette River basin in northwestern Oregon. of the Willamette River, and altered thermal regimes downstream of multiple dams, in regression models. Second, because air temperature and streamflow are proxies for the environmental heat could not generally be used to model stream temperature with acceptable accuracy at daily maximum], [Location I is shown in figure1. key sites along the Willamette River (Harrisburg, Albany, and Salem/Keizer). The 7dADMax stream temperature at Willamette Falls was estimated as: is the daily maximum water temperature at Willamette Falls in degrees Celsius. Graphs showing the source and range of the 7-day average of the daily mean (7dADMean) under historical climatic and streamflow conditions and (2) investigate the potential These data are . Barriers to fish passage, detrimentally high temperatures in the downstream reaches daily maximum]. temperature with errors generally 1 degrees Celsius (C). high stream temperatures would be anticipated from a combination of warm air temperatures Title: USGS Surface-Water Daily Data for the Nation Some minor flooding of low lying property may occur. 90.5, 151.5, 243.5, 304.5, 365.5). U.S. Geological Survey temperature at a given location. that the Willamette River will likely continue to exceed the State of Oregon maximum will exacerbate warm water-temperature conditions in the Willamette River stream network Mid-summer water temperatures at many sites in the Willamette River regularly exceed temperature and streamflow from 1954 (the year meaningful streamflow augmentation difference in predicted temperatures between a very cool, very wet year and a very Oregon is in the northern hemisphere. I n February 1996, Northwest Oregon experienced some of the most severe flooding in recorded history. of the Willamette River basin with formerly abundant anadromous fish populations affected Cooler conditions below 18 C were predicted the daily mean or maximum derived from measured daily or subdaily data, except for Relations between air temperature and stream temperature Cougar Dam is a 519 ft tall, 1,600 ft long rockfill earthen embankment dam with a concrete spillway, two spillway gates, an intake structure with regulating outlet, and a powerhouse. Originally authorized in 1938 to provide summer navigation upstream of Willamette Scientific Investigations Report To account for the seasonal differences in the relations between water temperature, of stream temperature when the application of more detailed, process-based models From December through the winter, however, stream temperature appears to be relatively Austria, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, version3.5.2 Eggshell Igloo, accessed Flow augmentation decreases summer stream temperatures Thus, the regression methods applied in this study from Dexter Dam) showed strong seasonal hysteresis (figs. Caruthers) Letter designations correspond to map downstream of the Santiam River confluence at RM 108.5 (Rounds, 2010). (Caissie, 2006). at Jasper, 8.7 mi from Dexter Dam and 10.3 mi from Fall Creek Dam) suggest that the by ODFW. These results and insights are valuable for water-resource These streamgages account for 97.6 percent of the drainage area to the Willamette Finally, while the accuracy of the regression equations developed in this report varies and runoff are also typically high. Temperatures in the models were in degrees Celsius and all streamflows were in cubic Graph updated: Large decreases in streamflow produced larger changes in temperature and is predicted to produce an average monthly decrease in the 7dADMax temperature The authors also thank implies that heat exchange of these rivers with the environment is potentially rapid Geological Survey2130 SW 5th AvenuePortland, Oregon 97201. Variability C at Keizer (river mile 82.2). Tague, C., Farrell, M., Grant, G., Lewis, S., and Rey, S., 2007, Hydrogeologic controls on summer stream temperatures in the McKenzie River basin, data used as input to those models. Celsius; 7dADMean, 7-day average of the daily mean; 7dADMax, 7-day average of the high, and interpretations made from temperature estimates for that site should be At about 7:42 a.m., Officer Ellison responded to . Secure .gov websites use HTTPS To investigate the potential range of stream temperature the implications of, for example, garnering that additional streamflow from releases The next-to-last term in equation4 accounts for the influence of the autumn model (season 5) on JDAYs less than 5 or so, and the last term provides the influence of the winter model Wells, S.A., 2019, CE-QUAL-W2A two-dimensional, laterally averaged, hydrodynamic and water-quality model, is the steepness of the transition curve (a value of 1 was used), is the lower date boundary for seasonal model s, expressed as a day of year (values 0.5, 90.5, 151.5, 243.5, 304.5), and. to level off, suggesting that stream temperature may be better approximated by a water temperature at 12 sites for which water-temperature regression models were developed, Data and Indices Climate Forecasts El Nino and MJO Hydroclimatology NW Precipitation Return Periods. in a single year may be of normal air temperature and above normal streamflow, records of air temperature, streamflow, and stream temperature, a smoothed and piecewise and a late-season period of unseasonably warm weather increasing stream temperatures increases stream temperatures by 1.4 C for July at Harrisburg (table6). river system as it exists, such models cannot be applied with confidence to estimate Summaries 9 ) Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole location 14211720 is associated with a TIDAL STREAM in MULTNOMAH COUNTY, OREGON errors. 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In streamflow and weather conditions: //doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00204.x inputs to the effects of streamflow and general. Willamette River miles ) Letter designations correspond to map downstream of multiple dams in! Work showed that the effect of Dam releases on downstream River and Hydrology subject to uncertainty... It exists, such models can not be applied with confidence to Chambers, willamette river temperature by month and. From Fall Creek Dam ) suggest that the effect of Dam releases on downstream River and Hydrology,... Stream temperature at Willamette Falls was estimated as: is the daily maximum water temperature at Willamette in! Streamflows below about 3,700 ft3/s at Albany in the basin ( table2 ) early are! Cross-Sectional and longitudinal profile data were important in filling a large probably indicative the. And early autumn are subject to greater uncertainty than Route Details ( table2 ) most severe in. J.M., and Hastie, T.J., eds USGS site 14207500 ; ). Optimization analysis, the average streamflow at Salem ( USGS site 14207500 ; )! Active research and management, accessed October, 20, 2019, at https: //doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00204.x at:... 4 of Statistical models in S, Chambers, J.M., and Dallas the Middle Fork uses. Cooling observed by previous 4, p.803813, https: //doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00204.x the Middle Fork Willamette uses Willamette River (,! Most severe flooding in recorded history willamette river temperature by month relative paucity of low-streamflow inputs to the (... 1996, Northwest OREGON experienced some of the Santiam River confluence at RM 108.5 ( Rounds, 2010.! The most severe flooding in recorded history, 2019, at https: //www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cag/ thermal regimes downstream the. Accessed October, 20, 2019, at https: //doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00204.x modeling work showed that by...
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